Liquid fuel feeding means for internal combustion engines



May 12, 1931. 1,804,660

LIQUID FUEL FEEDING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES O. D. TREIBER Filed March 31, 1927 a 1.50 2 45 w w w 6 N 12 3 w w i 2 m @Nx g 6 2M 5% 2 s \x f INVENTOR 4W BY ATTORNEY Patented May 12, 1931 UNITED STATES PKAITENT OFFICE OTIS D. TREIBER, OF NARBERTH, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNORV T TREIBER DIESEL ENGINE CORPORATION, OF CAMDEN, NEW JERSEY, A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY LIQUID FUEL FEEDING MEANS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Application filed March 31, 1927. Serial No. 179,820.

In the Operation of internal combustion engines of the Diesel type in which liquid fuel, such as oil, is employed the fuel must be supplied in the form of a spray at high velocity and high pressure, as is known. The fuel also must be sprayed into the cylinder at proper intervals and during periods in which the piston occupies a certain definite relation to the top dead center p0- sition'of the crank shaft. Each period of admission or discharge of fuel into the cylinder begins at a time when the piston is in position with the crank arm of the crank shaft in advance of the topdead center position thereof and continues until the said' crank has traveled or moved to a point beyond its top dead center position. Usually the admission of fuel begins when the cran arm is approximately ten (10) to eight (8) degrees in advance of its top dead center position and continues until it has moved to a point approximately eighteen (18) degrees beyond such dead'center position.

The invention relates to means whereby the functions and operations above indicated may be effected in a simple and eflicient manner.

The general object ofthe invention is to provide improved means of novel'construction whereby liquid fuel may be discharged or delivered most efiiciently in the form of a spray into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine during the proper periods with respect to the positions of the piston in said cylinder.

It also is an object of the invention to provide means of novel construction whereby A further object of the invention isto provide means of novel construction whereby the length of the periods during which liquid fuel is discharged into the cylinders of internal combustion engines may be controlled.

I shall not at the present time undertake to enumerate and point out all of the various objects and advantages incident to my invention but other and further objects thereof will be pointed out in the detailed I description thereof which follows, or will be apparent from such description.

In order that the invention may be readily understood and its advantages from a practical view point fully appreciated reference should be had to the accompanying drawngs 1n which I have illustrated one form of a convenient .mechanical embodiment thereof. However, it is obvious that various changes in the mechanical details may be made within the scope of the claims without departing from the spirit and principle of the invention as defined in the claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. l is a View in central longitudinal section of the upper or head portion of the cylinder of an internal combustion engine and the piston operating therein and showlng also a spray nozzle partly in elevation and partly in longitudinal section and also showing partly in section andpartly in elevation the means employed for operating the 'said nozzle to discharge liquid fuel therefrom in the form of a fine'spray into the cylinder of the said engine; A

Fig' 2 is a view in central longitudinal section of the spray nozzle shown in Fig. 1; and

Fig. 3 is a view in transverse section taken on the line 33 of Fig. 2. s

In the drawings I have shown a cylinder .1 of an internal combustion engine surrounded by a water jacket structure 2. A piston 3 of any suitable known construct-ion operates within the cylinder 1 in the usual manner. d i A spray nozzle indicated at 5 projects at its inner or dischargeend throngh an opening 6 into the top. of the cylinder as is intermediate its ends with an annular relaclearly shown in Fig. 1. tively wide groove or depression 25 and The spray nozzle comprises a casing 10, as also with radial openings 26, only two of clearly indicated in Fig. 2 of the drawing, which are shown. Preferably there are four which casing includes a portion of rel of these openings and they are in ali'nement tively large internal and external diameter with similar openings 27 through the walls and also a reduced inner end portion, the of a tubular plunger 30. The said plunger latter being indicated at 11. The relatively likewise is provided with an annular relalarge portion of the casing is provided with tively wide groove or depression 31 inwardly a relatively large axiah opening or passageof and in opposed relation to the smaller 75 way .12from which a relatively small pasgroove or depression 25 in the portion 20. sageway 13 leads through the reduced por- The lower half portion of the plunger 30 tion 11. The passageway or opening 13 is is provided with a relatively large axial in axial alinement with a like opening 13 opening 35 while the upper half portion 15 provided in a member 13 removably held thereof is provided with a relatively small so in engagement with the lower end of the rei l opening 36. duced portion 11 by means of a holding cap The casing is provided with an annular 13. The passageway 13 (in alinement flange-like portion 37 which is provided with the pa gew y 1 as s te e miwith an opening as indicated at 38 which s 2o nates at its inner or lower end in a tapered in communication with the annular shallow portion 14 which constitutes a V lve seat. groove or depression 25. The inner end of Leading from the bottom of the tapered pora pipe 39 is connected with the said opention 14is a much smaller axial opening'or ing 38 and through the said pipe liquid passageway 15 from theinner end of which fuel is adapted to be supplied to the annular lead. very small lateral discharge passageshallow groove or depression 25. From the w y 80 m l rela iv y p a i g as latter the fuel flows through the openings to be almost capillary in their dimensions. 26 nd 27 int th i l passageway. 35 f It is from these last mentioned openings th plunger 3() that the liquid fuel-is discharged in the form Th lower d of the passageway or open- 30 a ne spray. In fact, as discharged the ing is flared or tapered outwardly as in 95 fuel has the ppe e of a P T- dicated at to provide a seat for a valve The opening at the inner end of the noz- 41 h i a, stem 42 through which and zle 5 maybe closed by means of a tapered through the said valve a central axial open- Valve 17 which s adapted to fit seat ing 43 is provided. Radial openings 44 are 3 against the tapered seat The stem 0f provided in the said stem as shown the inner 100 the Valve Which extends g the P ends ofwhich openings are in communicasageway 13 has all external diameter less tion with a slightly enlarged portion 45 of than the internal diameter of the said pasth nin 43 previously referred to. The sageway This relation between the'sliem tubular valve stem/i2 is provided with lon- 18 and passageway or opening 13 is shown gitudinally extending grooves 46. Prefer- 105 in g. 2 0f the drawings. The upper ably there are not, less than four of these outer end of the-stem 18 is connected, prefgrooves. The enlarged opening 45 which era ly integrally, With an e a ge tllhllextends through the valve 41-is flared or lar portion 20 which is slid'ably supported t r d outwardly as indicated at 48 to 45 within the passageway or opening 12 of the form a seat for a valve 49 upon the lower 11o casing 10. The lower. or inner end of the end of a rod 50 which extends through the portion 20 terminates in a tapered portion opening 43, the opening 35, and through as indicated at 21. The outer surface of the th ing 36 in the upper half end portion tapered pprtion 21 is in parallel relation to of the plunger 30. The said rod extends 50 the correspondingly shaped surface 22 at beyond the upper end of the plunger 30 and 115 the inner or lower end of the relatively large is provided at its upper end with adjustable opening 12 in'the casing 10. The tapered nuts 51 against which the upper end of a a portion 21 is provided with o enings 21 as coiled spring 52 is seated, thelower end of shown through which liquid f del is'adapted which spring rests upon the upper end of 55 to escape from the portion 20 into the lower the plunger 30. The spring 52 is normally 120 end of the passageway 12 of the casing 10. under compression tending to cause inward In other words, fuel is admitted through the movement of the plunger 30 and outward said openings 21 into the space between the movement of the rod 50. tapered portion 21 and the inclined or ta- The plunger 30,is provided at its upper pered surface 22. The upper end of the slidend with a flange 55 the outer edge of which 125 able portion 20 projects beyond the up er has a downwardly extending narrow flange end of the casing 10 and is screw threade as 56. A relatively heavy coiled spring 57 exindicated at 23 with which screw threaded. tends around the POItIOII Of the plunger 30 portion adjustable bearing nuts 24 are con,- beyond the outer end of the tubular portion .neeted. The slidable portion20 is provided 20 and its upper end is seated against the 1 under side of the flange 55. Its lower end! with horizontal slots or notches as indicated is seated against the upper side of the uppermost of the adjustable nuts 24 to which previous reference has been made. The spring 57 is under compression and tends to cause outward or upward movement of the plunger 30 and downward or inward movement of the portion 20 to hold the valve .17 in closed position against its seat 14. Outward movement of the plunger 30 is limited by engagement of the flange thereof with an inwardly extending flange 60 upon'th'e upper end of a tubular casing 61 the lower end of which is internally screw threaded and in engagement with an externally screw threaded upper end portion of the casing 10 as shown in Fig. 2 of the drawings. The coil 57 previously referred to is located-within the casing 61. The said casing is provided with openings 62 therein through which access may be had to the nuts 24 for the purpose of adjusting the same. The lower ends of the openings 62 are located a short distance above the upper or outer end of the casing 10. r

The upper end of the casing 10 is provided with an annular groove 65 from which leads a passageway 66 the outer end of which is in communication with a pipe 67 through whichleakage or waste liquid fuel may be conducted.

' Liquid fuel is discharged from the nozzle through the small lateral passageways 16 previously referred to as a result of the operation of the plunger 30 and is controlled by the cooperation of certain orti-ons of the nozzle mechanism with the said plunger as hereinafter will be described.

For the purpose of operating the plunger 30 I have provided a lever 70 pivoted intermediate its ends upon a stationary pivot 71 supported upon the upper end of a standard 72 which rises from the head 73 of the cylinder 2. The outer end of the lever 70 is provided with a roller 74 which bears against a cam disk 75 mounted upon a cam shaft 76 which rotates during the operation of the r engine. The said cam diskis provided with a cam projection 77 which is adapted to contact once during each revolution of the cam shaft 76 with the roller 74 to actuate the lever 70 to cause pivotal movement thereof. When the cam rise or projection 77 strikes the roller 74 the outer end of the-lever is lifted to cause inward movement of the inner end thereof. The inner end of the lever 70 is slotted or bifurcated to form two parallel arms 80 each of which is'provided upon its lower or inner edge with a projection 81 which is of wedge shape as shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings. The lower edges of these wedge shaped projections rest against the 'top of the flange 55 previously referred to. "The arms 80 extend beyond the projections n 5 81. prev1ously referred to and are provided In describing the operation it will be' 130' of which is shown at 87. The said lever may be actuated or operated manually to oscillate or move the shaft 85 with the eccentric thereon in one direction or the other as may be necessary to regulate and control the speed of the engine. If desired the said lever may be connected with the engine governor so as to be automatically controlled by movements of the. said governor.

If the shaft 85 together with the eccentric .84 shown thereon should be turned to'the right through say it will be apparent that the end of the lever mounted upon the said eccentric will be depressed through a,

distance depending upon the height of the eccentric. Such movement or depression will cause an upward or outward movement of the inner. end of the lever 83 because of the fact that the said lever is provided with and pivoted upon lateral projections 88 intermediate its ends which projections extend into the slots 82 in the arms 80 to which previous reference has been made. If the shaft and eccentric were turned in the opposite direction the outer or pivot end of the lever 83 would be elevated to cause inward or downward movement of adjustment of the inner end of the said lever. The inner end. portion of the said lever is so formed as to extend slightly upwardly or away from the outer end of the nozzle structure. This is shown clearly in Fig. 1 of the drawings.

The inner swinging end of the lever 83 is provided with a screw threaded opening 89 in which is mounted an adjustable pin or device 90 for regulating the tion of the nozzle valve, the/ inner end of which device is adapted to contact with the'outer end of the rod 50. The said device 90 may be locked in any position to which it may be adjusted by means of a locking nut 91. In Fig. 1 of the drawings the inner end of the adjustable device 90 is shown in position spaced a short distance from the outer endlof the rod 50.

' I shall now describe briefly the opera- "tion of the liquid fuel feeding means embodying my invention as previously described herein.

operaunderstood and assumed that liquid fuel is supplied under relatively low pressurey say 35 or 40 pounds to the square inchfrom the (pipe 39 through the opening 38 and through the openings 26 and 27 into the opening or passageway 35 in the plunger 30. From the latter the fuel passes by the" valve 41 into the opening or passageway within the portion. 20 and from thelatter through the openings 21 and thence into the relatively small axial passageway or opening 13, but is prevented from escaping from the latter through the openings 16 7 by means of the valve 17.

In the operation of the engine the cam shaft 76 rotates s'o that the cams thereon operate to cause pivotal movement of.the

lever or levers 70 once during each revoluunit. As a result of such movement-the liquid fuel which has been fed or supplied to the spaceunderneaththe plungeris sub jected to pfe'ssure. Such pressure is exerted through the open1ngs'21 agaiiist the tasure through the liquid against the surface 22 produces forces of reaction which act.

against the opposing tapered surface of the fportion 21 tmeffect outward movement of a the portion 20 together with the valve stem or'rod 18 to open the valve 17. This opening movement occurs suddenly so that the liquid fuel is discharged from the opening 16 suddenly and-under very high pressure. The opening movement of the valve 17 occurs when the piston in the cylinder occupies the proper relation to its top dead center position as herein before indicated.

on the inner end of the lever 83 will be caused to move inwardly more rapidly than the adjacent portion of the lever 70. Consequently the device 90 will be caused to contact with the outer end of the rod. 50 and cause inward movement thereof to lift the valve 49 from its seat 48. When this occurs a reverse flow of the liquid fuel between the valve 49 and its seat is permitted whereupon the spring 57 operates instantly to close the valve 17 to effect sudden stoppage of the discharge of liquid fuel from the nozzle into the cylinder. The point at which this occurs may be regulated and controlled pered surface 22. The application of pres-- It will be apparent that the device 90 up-' by adjusting the device 90 upon the inner end of the'lever 8.3.

As has. been indicated already, if the eccentric 84 be oscillated in one direction or the other within 90 limits the position of the outer end of the lever 83 will be varied or adjusted to alter the position of the device 90 with r lation to the upper or outer end of the ro engine the device 96 will be adjusted into 50. in they operation of an i position with respect to the rod 50to permit or cause the required amount of liquid fuel to be fed into the cylinderiof the engine at each operation of the plunger 30, the said plunger being operated in the manner and cooperating with other parts of the nozzle structure in the manner as hereinbefore described.

Assume now that because of, some variation in conditions the speed of operation of the engine is increased or accelerated and that it is desired to decrease the speed of the same tothe normal speed or a desired speed. In that case-the iever 87 would be actuated or operated toturn the shaft 85 and the eccentric thereon in an anti-clockwise direcand depression of the inner end thereof so as to adjust or move the inner end of the device 90 into nearer relation with respect to 7 O is oscillated about its pivot 71 the inner end of the lever 83 moves with. greater speed or acceleration than the adjoining por tion of the said lever 70. If adjustment be .the adjoining end of the rod 50. It has already been pointed out that when the lever' made so that the device 90 is placed in closer relationship. with respect" to the end'of the rod 50 the latter will be operated to open' the valve 49 at a point or moment with relation to the inward movement of the plunger 30in advance of that in which it has been previously opened. It previously has been explained that upon the opening of the valve-A9 reverse flow ofthe liquid fuel is permitted so that immediate closing of the valve 17 is effected. It will be a parent therefore that a smaller quantity 0 fuel is introduced at each descending or charging movement of theplunger 30.

If, however, the conditions should be i a changed and the speed of operation of the motor decreased owing to increased load'or other cause, additional fuel may be caused to be discharged into the cylinder at each descending movement of the plunger 30 "by rotating the shaft 85- and the eccentric thereo'nin a clockwise direction to depress the outer end of the lever 83 and elevate the inner end thereof. together with the device- 90 carried thereby. Such adjustment of the device 90 will cause the valve. 49 to remain closed for a reater part of the descending movemento the plunger 30 and in consequence a greater amount of fuel will be introduced or discharged by the nozzle into the cylinder at each descending movement of the plunger. The supplying of a greater quantity of fuel will result in the production of greater energy and power whereby the speed of operationof the en- What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent is,

1. A device of the character described for the delivery of liquid fuel into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, which device comprises a tubular casing having a fuel discharge opening at its inner end, a valve for closing the said discharge opening, a plunger located within the said casing which plunger includes a member the inner half part of which is provided with a relatively large axial opening into which liquid fuel is adapted to be delivered, a valve structure for controlling the dischargeof fuel from the opening in said member, a rod having connection with a valve of the said valve structure and extending axially of the saidxmember outwardly beyond the outer end thereof, yielding means tending to cause outward'movement of'said rod with respect to the said member, and means which 's ada ted to cause the said member and t e sai rod to move inwardly first as a unit and which thereafter causes the said rod to move inwardly more rapidly than the said member,

and means wherebv the unitary inward movement of the said member and the said rod operates to open the first named valve. 2. A device of the character described for the delivery of liquid fuel into the cylinder of an internal combustion engine, which means comprises a casing having a discharge opening at its inner end, a valve for closing said opening which valyeis provided with a stem having an enlarged tubular portion located in the said "casing said tubular portion having openings in its lower end which communicate with the interior of the said valve casing, a plunger located within the tubular portion of said valve stem, said plunger comprising a member having a tubular Iportion, a rod extending through said tubu ar portion and terminating at its inner end in a valve, a movable valve member supported upon said rod and located intermediate the valve thereon and a valve seat in the lower end of the tubular portion of the said plunger member, means tending to cause outward movement of the said rod means for supplying liquid fuel under pressure to the said tubular valve member, yielding means tending to hold the first named valve in closed position and the said plunger in outermost position, means for effecting inward movement #of the said plunger, and means for thereafter effecting inward movement of the said rod member of the plunger relatively to the other portions of said plunger to permit reverse flow of fuel from the said casing into the tubular member of the said plunger Whereby'the said yielding means is permitted to effect closing movement of the first named valve.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have hereunto signed my name this 29th day of March, A. D. 1927. OTIS D. TREIBER.

Inn 

